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TL431/TL431A/TL431B
PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES
T
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P
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D
ATA
S
HEET
DESCRIPTION The TL431/TL431A/TL431B series precision adjustable three terminal shunt voltage regulators are pin-to-pin compatible with the industry standard TL431. The output voltage of this reference is programmable by using two external resistors from 2.5V to 36V. These devices offer low output impedance for improved load regulation. The typical output impedance of these devices is 200m. These devices find application in the feedback path of switching power supplies, OVP crowbar circuits, reference for A/D, D/A, and as zener diodes with improved turn-on characteristics.
K E Y F E AT U R E S
W INITIAL VOLTAGE REFERENCE ACCURACY OF 0.4% (TL431B) W SINK CURRENT CAPABILITY 1mA to 100mA W TYPICAL OUTPUT DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE LESS THAN 200m; TYPICAL OUTPUT IMPEDANCE OF THE TL431B LESS THAN 100m W ADJUSTABLE OUTPUT VOLTAGE FROM 2.5V TO 36V W AVAILABLE IN SURFACE-MOUNT PACKAGES W LOW OUTPUT NOISE W TYPICAL EQUIVALENT FULL RANGE TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENT OF 30ppm/C W DIRECT PIN-TO-PIN REPLACEMENT FOR INDUSTRY STANDARD TL431 AND TL1431
NOTE: For current data & package dimensions, visit our web site: http://www.linfinity.com.
PRODUCT HIGHLIGHT
PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES
VIN R1 VOUT
TL431/A & TL431B
R2
VO =
1 +
R1 R2

* VREF
PA C K A G E O R D E R I N F O R M AT I O N TA (C)
0 to 70
Initial Tolerance
2% 1% 0.4% 2% 1% 0.4%
DM Plastic SOIC 8-pin
TL431CDM TL431ACDM TL431BCDM TL431IDM TL431AIDM TL431BIDM
LP Plastic TO-92 3-pin
TL431CLP TL431ACLP TL431BCLP TL431ILP TL431AILP TL431BILP
-40 to 85
Note: All surface-mount packages are available in Tape & Reel. Append the letter "T" to part number. (i.e. TL431CDMT) TO-92 (LP) package also available in ammo-pack.
Copyright (c) 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99
LINFINITY MICROELECTRONICS INC.
11861 WESTERN AVENUE, GARDEN GROVE, CA. 92841, 714-898-8121, FAX: 714-893-2570
1
PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997
TL431/TL431A/TL431B
PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES
P
RODUCTION
D
ATA
S
HEET
A B S O L U T E M A X I M U M R AT I N G S
(Note 1)
PACKAGE PIN OUTS
Cathode to Anode Voltage (VKA) (Note 2) .................................................... -0.3V to 37V Reference Input Current (IREF) ................................................................... -50A to 10mA Continuous Cathode Current (IK) ......................................................... -100mA to 150mA Operating Junction Temperature Plastic (DM, LP Packages) .................................................................................... 150C Storage Temperature Range ...................................................................... -65C to 150C Lead Temperature ..................................................................................................... 300C
Note 1. Exceeding these ratings could cause damage to the device. All voltages are with respect to Ground. Currents are positive into, negative out of the specified terminal. Pin numbers refer to DIL packages only. Note 2. Voltage values are with respect to the anode terminal unless otherwise noted.
CATHODE N.C. ANODE N.C.
1 2 3 4
8 7 6 5
REF ANODE ANODE N.C.
DM PACKAGE (Top View)
1. CATHODE 2. ANODE 3. REF
T H E R M A L D ATA
DM PACKAGE: THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO AMBIENT, JA LP PACKAGE: THERMAL RESISTANCE-JUNCTION TO AMBIENT, JA 156C/W 165C/W
LP PACKAGE (Top View)
Junction Temperature Calculation: TJ = TA + (PD x JA). The JA numbers are guidelines for the thermal performance of the device/pc-board system. All of the above assume no ambient airflow
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Cathode (K)
Ref (R)
VREF Anode (A)
2
Copyright (c) 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99
PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997
TL431/TL431A/TL431B
PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES
P
RODUCTION
D
ATA
S
HEET
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS
(Note 3)
(Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply over the operating ambient temperatures for TL431C/TL431AC/TL431BC with 0C TA 70C, TL431I/TL431AI/TL431BI with -40C TA 85C.)
Parameter
Reference Input Voltage TL431 TL431A TL431B TL431C TL431I TL431AC TL431AI TL431BC TL431BI TL431, TL431A TL431B TL431,TL431A TL431B Minimum Operating Current Off-State Cathode Current
Symbol
VREF
Test Conditions
IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF, TA = 25C IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF, TA = 25C IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF, TA = 25C IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF IK = 10mA, VKA = VREF IK = 10mA, VKA = 2.5V to 36V IK = 10mA, VKA = 2.5V to 36V VKA = VREF, TA = 25C VKA = VREF, TA = 25C VKA = VREF, TA = Operating Range VKA = VREF to 36V VKA = VREF to 36V, TA = 25C VKA = VREF to 36V, TA = 25C VKA = VREF to 36V, TA = Operating Range VKA = 36V, VREF = 0V, TA = 25C VKA = VREF, IK = 1mA to 100mA, f 1kHz, TA = 25C VKA = VREF, IK = 1mA to 100mA, f 1kHz, TA = 25C
TL431/431A/431B Units Min. Typ. Max.
2440 2495 2550 2470 2495 2520 2490 2500 2510 4 17 5 30 4 17 5 30 4 15 5 20 -1.4 -2.7 -1.1 -2 2 4 1.5 1.9 2.3 0.4 1 0.1 1 0.1 1 2 0.18 0.5 0.2 0.5 0.1 0.2 mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV mV/V mV/V A A A mA A A A A
Reference Drift
VREF VKA
Voltage Ratio, Ref to Cathode (Note 4) Reference Input Current
IREF
TL431 TL431A TL431B
IMIN IOFF
Dynamic Impedance
TL431 TL431B
| ZKA |
Note 3. These parameters are guaranteed by design. Note 4. VREF VKA Ratio of change in reference input voltage to the change in cathode voltage.
Copyright (c) 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99
3
PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997
TL431/TL431A/TL431B
PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES
P
RODUCTION
D
ATA
S
HEET
GRAPH / CURVE INDEX
FIGURE INDEX
Characteristic Curves
FIGURE # 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. REFERENCE INPUT VOLTAGE vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE REFERENCE INPUT CURRENT vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE CATHODE CURRENT vs. CATHODE VOLTAGE CATHODE CURRENT vs. CATHODE VOLTAGE OFF-STATE CATHODE CURRENT vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE RATIO OF DELTA REFERENCE VOLTAGE TO DELTA CATHODE VOLTAGE vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE vs. FREQUENCY FIGURE # FIGURE # 8. 9.
Parameter Measurement Information
TEST CIRCUIT FOR VKA = VREF TEST CIRCUIT FOR VKA > VREF
10. TEST CIRCUIT FOR IOFF
Typical Characteristics
11. EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE OVER A 10-SECOND PERIOD 12. SMALL-SIGNAL VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs. FREQUENCY 13. REFERENCE IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY 14. PULSE RESPONSE 15. STABILITY BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
Application Information
FIGURE # 16. SHUNT REGULATOR 17. SINGLE-SUPPLY COMPARATOR WITH TEMPERATURE-COMPENSATED THRESHOLD 18. HIGH CURRENT SHUNT REGULATOR 19. CROWBAR CIRCUIT 20. VOLTAGE MONITOR 21. PRECISION CONSTANT-CURRENT SINK
4
Copyright (c) 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99
PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997
TL431/TL431A/TL431B
PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES
P
RODUCTION
D
ATA
S
HEET
CHARACTERISTIC CURVES
FIGURE 1. -- REFERENCE VOLTAGE vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
2.60
FIGURE 2. -- REFERENCE CURRENT vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
5
(VREF) Reference Input Voltage - (V)
2.56 2.54 2.52
VREF = 2550mV
(IREF) Reference Input Current - (A)
2.58
VREF = VKA IK = 10mA
TL431/A
4
IK = 10mA R1 = IK = 10mA
TL431B
2.50 2.48 2.46 2.44 2.42 2.4 -50
3
TL431/A
2
TL431/A
VREF = 2495mV
TL431/A
VREF = 2440mV
1
TL431B
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
0 -50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
(TA) Ambient Temperature - (C)
(TA) Ambient Temperature - (C)
FIGURE 3. -- CATHODE CURRENT vs. CATHODE VOLTAGE
150 125
FIGURE 4. -- CATHODE CURRENT vs. CATHODE VOLTAGE
800
VKA = VREF TA = 25C
VKA = VREF TA = 25C
(IK) Cathode Current - (A)
75 50 25 0 -25 -50 -75 -100 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
(IK) Cathode Current - (A)
100
600
400
IMIN
TL431/A TL431B
200
0
-200 -1 0 1 2 3
(VKA) Cathode Voltage - (V)
(VKA) Cathode Voltage - (V)
Copyright (c) 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99
5
PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997
TL431/TL431A/TL431B
PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES
P
RODUCTION
D
ATA
S
HEET
CHARACTERISTIC CURVES
FIGURE 5. -- OFF-STATE CATHODE CURRENT vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
2.5
FIGURE 6. -- RATIO OF DELTA REFERENCE VOLTAGE TO DELTA CATHODE VOLTAGE vs. FREE-AIR TEMPERATURE
-0.85
(IOFF) Off-State Cathode Current - (A)
VKA = 36V VREF = 0
2
TL431/A & TL431B
VKA = 3V to 36V
-0.95
VREF / VKA - (mV/V)
-1.05
1.5
-1.15
1
-1.25
0.5
-1.35
0 -50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
-1.45 -50
-25
0
25
50
75
100
125
(TA) Ambient Temperature - (C)
(TA) Ambient Temperature - (C)
FIGURE 7. -- EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE vs. FREQUENCY
260 240
(VN) Noise Voltage - (nV/ Hz)
IO = 10mA TA = 25C
220 200 180 160 140 120 100 10
100
1k
10k
100k
(f) Frequency - (Hz)
6
Copyright (c) 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99
PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997
TL431/TL431A/TL431B
PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES
P
RODUCTION
D
ATA
S
HEET
PA R A M E T E R M E A S U R E M E N T I N F O R M AT I O N
Input
IK
VKA
Input
IK
VKA
R1
IREF
VREF
R2
VREF
FIGURE 8 -- TEST CIRCUIT FOR VKA = VREF
FIGURE 9 -- TEST CIRCUIT FOR VKA > VREF
Input IOFF
VKA
FIGURE 10 -- TEST CIRCUIT FOR IOFF
Copyright (c) 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99
7
PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997
TL431/TL431A/TL431B
PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES
P
RODUCTION
D
ATA
S
HEET
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
6 5
(VN) Input Noise Voltage - (V)
4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 0 2 4 6
f = 0.1 to 10Hz IK = 10mA TA = 25C
8
10
(t) Time - (s)
FIGURE 11. -- EQUIVALENT INPUT NOISE VOLTAGE OVER A 10-SECOND PERIOD
19.1V
1kW
500F
910W 2000F TL431/A & TL431B (DUT) 820W 16W
VCC VCC 1F TLE2027 AV = 10V/mV TLE2027 16kW 16kW 1F 2.2F
33kW AV = 2V/V 33kW VEE 1MW CRO
0.1F VEE
Test Circuit for 0.1Hz to 10Hz Equivalent Input Noise Voltage
160kW
8
Copyright (c) 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99
PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997
TL431/TL431A/TL431B
PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES
P
RODUCTION
D
ATA
S
HEET
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS
FIGURE 12. --
70 60 50 40 30
SMALL-SIGNAL VOLTAGE AMPLIFICATION vs. FREQUENCY
IK = 10mA TA = 25C
15kW 9F Output IK 230W
(AV) Voltage Amplification - (dB)
8.25kW
20 10 0
GND
Test Circuit for Voltage Amplification
-10 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M
(f) Frequency - (Hz)
FIGURE 13. -- REFERENCE IMPEDANCE vs. FREQUENCY
100
(|zKA|) Reference Impedance - (W )
IK = 1mA to 100mA TA = 25C
Output 1kW
10
50W
IK
1
GND
Test Circuit for Reference Impedance
0.1 1k 10k 100k 1M 10M
(f) Frequency - (Hz)
Copyright (c) 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99
9
PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997
TL431/TL431A/TL431B
PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES
P
RODUCTION
D
ATA
S
HEET
TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS FIGURE 14. -- PULSE RESPONSE
6 5
Output 220W
VIN - (V)
4 3 2 1
Pulse Generator f = 100kHz 50W
(VKA) Output Voltage - (V)
0 3
GND
2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Test Circuit for Pulse Response
(t) Time - (s)
FIGURE 15. -- STABILITY BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
100 90
R1=10kW IK 150W CL R2 VBATT
(IK) Cathode Current - mA
80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10
A B C D
VKA = VREF VKA = 5V VKA = 10V VKA = 15V Stable A*
IK = 10mA TA = 25C B* Stable C*
Test Circuit for Curve A
150W IK CL
0.01 0.1 1 10
D*
0 0.001
VBATT
(CL) Load Capacitance - (F)
* The areas under the curves represent conditions that may cause the
device to oscillate. For curves B, C, and D, R2 and V+ were adjusted to establish the initial VKA and IK conditions with CL = 0. VBATT and CL were then adjusted to determine the ranges of stability.
Test Circuit for Curves B, C, and D
10
Copyright (c) 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99
PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997
TL431/TL431A/TL431B
PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES
P
RODUCTION
D
ATA
S
HEET
A P P L I C AT I O N I N F O R M AT I O N
R (see Note) VBATT R1 0.1% IK VO
VBATT
VREF
TL431/A & TL431B
Input
R2 0.1%
TL431/A & TL431B
VO VON 2V VOFF VBATT
GND
VO =
Note:
1 +
R1 R2

* VREF
R should provide 1mA cathode current to the TL431/A & TL1431 at minimum V BATT. FIGURE 16 -- SHUNT REGULATOR FIGURE 17 -- SINGLE-SUPPLY COMPARATOR WITH TEMPERATURE-COMPENSATED THRESHOLD
VBATT R1
VO
VBATT R1
VO
TL431/A & TL431B
C
R2
TL431/A & TL431B
R1 R2
R2
(see Note)
VO =
1 +

Note:
* VREF
Refer to the stability boundary conditions in Figure 15 to determine allowable values for C.
FIGURE 18 -- HIGH CURRENT SHUNT REGULATOR
FIGURE 19 -- CROWBAR CIRCUIT
Copyright (c) 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99
11
PRODUCT DATABOOK 1996/1997
TL431/TL431A/TL431B
PRECISION PROGRAMMABLE REFERENCES
P
RODUCTION
D
ATA
S
HEET
A P P L I C AT I O N I N F O R M AT I O N
12V R1A
R3 (see Note) R4 (Note)
VBATT IO
TL431/A & TL431B
TL431/A & TL431B
R2A
R2B
RS 0.1%
1 + High Limit = 1 +
Low Limit =
R1B * VREF R2B R1B * VREF R2B
LED On when Low Limit < VBATT < High Limit
IO =

VREF RS

Note: R3 and R4 are selected to provide the desired LED intensity and 1mA cathode current to the TL431/A & TL431B at the available V+. FIGURE 20 -- VOLTAGE MONITOR FIGURE 21 -- PRECISION CONTANT-CURRENT SINK
PRODUCTION DATA - Information contained in this document is proprietary to LinFinity, and is current as of publication date. This document may not be modified in any way without the express written consent of LinFinity. Product processing does not necessarily include testing of all parameters. Linfinity reserves the right to change the configuration and performance of the product and to discontinue product at any time.
12
Copyright (c) 1999 Rev. 1.3 9/99

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